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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Economic policy and national security</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Economic policy and national security</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Экономическая политика и национальная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">3033-6554</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108797</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Противодействие теневой экономике как угрозе национальной безопасности</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Countering the Shadow Economy as a Threat to National Security</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Противодействие теневой экономике как угрозе национальной безопасности</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Modern technologies for informal employment combating: foreign experience and Russian practice</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Современные технологии противодействия неформальной занятости: зарубежный опыт и российская практика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Исраилов</surname>
       <given-names>Магамед Вахаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Israilov</surname>
       <given-names>Magamed Vahaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>israilovmv@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор экономических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of economic sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Чеченский государственный педагогический университет</institution>
     <city>Грозный</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Chechen state pedagogical university</institution>
     <city>Grozny</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>11</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>64</fpage>
   <lpage>74</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-16T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>16</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://russianjournaldeviantbehavior.ru/en/nauka/article/108797/view">https://russianjournaldeviantbehavior.ru/en/nauka/article/108797/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Введение. Ключевая проблема оценки результативности налоговых проверок заключается в том, что их эффективность в сдерживании масштабов роста теневой экономики компенсируется тем, что они менее эффективны в содействии добровольному переходу к официальной деятельности. Поэтому необходим поиск новых ключевых показателей для измерения эффективности деятельности налоговых органов по содействию формализации, учитывая такие модели поведения налогоплательщиков, как «принудительное соблюдение» и «добровольное согласие». Методы. В работе используется компаративный анализ в разрезе стран Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития в части оценки эффективности действующих инструментов налогового контроля. Результаты. Вероятность выявления фактов участия в неформальной экономике повышает не только контроль работников, но и формы обязательной регистрации и лицензирования бизнеса. Доказано, что добровольное соблюдение достигается с помощью косвенных инструментов контроля и рассматривается как производная от уровня эффективности деятельности государства. Принудительное соблюдение реализуется с помощью механизма контроля, что требует от государства более активного использования передовых информационно-аналитических технологий, таких как искусственный интеллект и большие данные, в процедурах налогового контроля. Современные подходы по борьбе с неформальной занятостью должны интегрировать принудительные и стимулирующие меры в единую систему противодействия теневой активности. Различные виды санкций необходимо использовать для увеличения реальных или ожидаемых издержек участия в неформальной экономике и сдерживания роста ее масштабов. Таким образом, сочетание прямых и косвенных инструментов является наиболее эффективным средством поощрения формализации экономических отношений. При этом, когда асимметрия между формальными и неформальными институтами минимальна, меры сдерживания слабо влияют на динамику неформальной занятости, и наоборот, когда несоответствие между институтами увеличивается, уровень сдерживающих факторов оказывает решающее влияние.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Introduction. The key problem in assessing the tax audits efficiency is that their effectiveness in curbing the shadow economy growth is offset by the fact that they are less impactful in facilitating the transition to formal activities. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new key indicators to measure the effectiveness of tax authorities activity in facilitating formalisation, taking into account the models of “enforcement” and “voluntary consent” of taxpayers’ behaviour. Methods. A comparative analysis in the context of the countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is used in the research in terms of evaluating the efficiency of existing tax control instruments. Results. The probability of revealing the facts of the informal economy participation increases not only the control of employees, but also the forms of mandatory business registration and licensing. It is proved that voluntary compliance is achieved through indirect control tools and is considered as a derivative of the state efficiency level. Enforcement is implemented through a control&#13;
mechanism, which requires the government to use advanced informational-analytical technologies such as artificial intellect and big data in tax control procedures more active. Modern approaches to combat informal employment should integrate coercive and incentive measures into a single system of shadow activity counteraction. Various types of sanctions should be used to increase the real or expected costs of the informal economy participating and to deter its growth. Thus, the combination of direct and indirect instruments is the most effective means of encouraging the economic relations formalisation. At the same time, when the asymmetry between formal and informal institutions is minimal, deterrence measures have little effect on the dynamics of informal employment, and vice versa, when the disparity between institutions increases, the level of deterrent factors has a decisive impact.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>неформальная занятость</kwd>
    <kwd>налоговый контроль</kwd>
    <kwd>уклонение от уплаты налогов</kwd>
    <kwd>теневая экономика</kwd>
    <kwd>налоговые проверки</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>informal employment</kwd>
    <kwd>tax control</kwd>
    <kwd>tax evasion</kwd>
    <kwd>shadow economy</kwd>
    <kwd>tax audits</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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