Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета МВД России 2071-8284 2949-1150 30923 10.35750/2071-8284-2019-3-55-62 Конституционное право; конституционный судебный процесс; муниципальное право Constitutional law; constitutional litigation; municipal law Конституционное право; конституционный судебный процесс; муниципальное право Constitutional Reforms in the Digital Era: the Iceland’s Experience Конституционные реформы в цифровую эпоху: опыт Исландии https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-1649 Васильева Татьяна Андреевна Vasilieva Tatiana Andreevna tan-vas@mail.ru

доктор юридических наук;

doctor of jurisprudence sciences;

 Институт государства и права РАН The Institute of State and Law of The Russian Academy of Sciences 2019 3 55 62 https://russianjournaldeviantbehavior.ru/en/nauka/article/30923/view

Цифровая эпоха создает новые возможности для участия граждан в принятии политических и правовых решений различного уровня. В настоящее время в зарубежных странах распространяется практика привлечения граждан к разработке законов и даже учредительных актов. Проект Конституции Исландии 2011 г. был разработан учредительным собранием, в состав которого входили рядовые граждане, а не представители политической элиты. Благодаря использованию социальных медиа и официального сайта, Конституционный Совет смог установить прямые контакты с населением и оперативно реагировать на предложения и комментарии граждан. Не только граждане страны, но и иностранцы могли представлять свои предложения в отношении того, какие вопросы должны быть отражены в тексте конституции, давать комментарии формулировок тех или иных статей, участвовать в стресс-тесте разработанного проекта. Такой подход легитимировал процесс разработки конституции и порождал чувство сопричастности к данному процессу у тех, кто принимал участие в обсуждении. Несмотря на то, что проект Конституции не был поддержан парламентом страны, опыт Исландии представляет интерес как новый подход к разработке законов в цифровую эпоху. Исландский опыт был признан беспрецедентным и революционным. Он показал, что процесс разработки проекта Конституции может быть более открытым и демократичным без осуществления серьёзных финансовых затрат.

Digital era creates new opportunities for citizens for participation in political and legal decision-making process at various levels. Currently, the practice of involving citizens in drafting of laws and even constituent acts is spreading in foreign countries. The draft of the Constitution of Iceland of 2011 was adopted by the Constitutional Council, which included ordinary citizens, not representatives of the political elite. By the use of social media and the official website, the Council was able to establish direct contacts with the population and promptly respond to suggestions and comments of citizens. Not only citizens, but also foreigners could submit their proposals on issues which should be reflected in the text of the Constitution, comments on the wording of certain articles and participate in the stress test of the constitutional draft. This approach has legitimized the process of the Constitution drafting and created a sense of ownership among those who participated in the discussion. Although this draft has not become the Constitution because of the lack of the Parliament’s support, the Iceland’s experience may be interesting as a new approach to drafting laws in the digital era. The Icelandic experience was considered unprecedented and revolutionary. It showed that the process of Constitution drafting could be more open and democratic without incur-ring significant financial costs.

 конституция поправки учредительное собрание референдум информационные технологии constitution amendments constituent assembly referendum digital tools

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