Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета МВД России 2071-8284 2949-1150 83887 10.35750/2071-8284-2024-2-295-307 ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF SAFETY ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ Analysis of foreign studies results on video recording an interrogation Изучение результатов применения видеозаписи допроса в зарубежных исследованиях https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-8986 Енгалычев Вали Фатехович Engalychev Vali Fatehovich valiyen@gmail.com

доктор психологических наук;

doctor of psychological sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6774-2703 Лыфенко Дмитрий Валерьевич Lyfenko Dmitry Valer'evich dlyfenko@yandex.ru

кандидат педагогических наук;

candidate of pedagogical sciences;

 Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского Россия Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovski Russian Federation Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского Россия Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovski Russian Federation 28 06 2024 28 06 2024 2024 2 295 307 04 05 2024 10 06 2024 https://russianjournaldeviantbehavior.ru/en/nauka/article/83887/view

Введение: Встречающиеся случаи отказа допрашиваемого после первого же допроса от дачи показаний в дальнейшем, неоднократное изменение им содержания своих показаний, заявления допрашиваемого и его адвокатов о применении в отношении него недопустимых методов следствия и другое побуждают к поиску надежных средств фиксации его устных текстов и самой ситуации их порождения на допросе. Правильно технически и психологическая организованная видеозапись следственных действий является ценным инструментом анализа поведения допрашиваемого лица и достоверным доказательством на последующем, судебном этапе расследования. Методы. Исследование опирается на системный подход, общенаучные методы (теоретический анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция), специальные частнонаучные методы: конкретизация, толкование, компаративный исследовательский метод. Осуществлено обобщение зарубежного опыта проведения следственных действий с применением видеозаписи в ходе допроса особо ценных подозреваемых. Полученные результаты проинтерпретированы посредством экспертного психологического анализа. Результаты. Межличностное взаимодействие в процессе допроса, поддержанное отслеживанием динамики коммуникативного поведения посредством психологического изучения видеозаписи, дает более существенные результаты и более высокий процент признаний по сравнению с традиционными методами ведения допроса. Особое значение имеет использование техник психотерапевтической работы и построения мотивационного дискурса, в частности, длящегося раппорта, позволяющего установить надежные доверительные отношения между следователем и допрашиваемым. Обучение следователей психологическим основам использования видеозаписи, а затем анализ результатов их работы до и после обучения, показывает значительные перемены в использовании научно-обоснованных тактик ведения допроса, в том числе более широкое применение открытых вопросов, положительных утверждений, основных элементов когнитивного интервью, что оказывает пролонгированный положительный эффект.

Introduction: Cases of refusal by a person questioned to testify after the first interrogation, repeated changes in the content of his testimony, statements of an interrogated person and his lawyers about the use of inadmissible methods of investigation against him, etc. inspire the search for reliable means of recording oral texts and the very situation of texts production during an interrogation. Properly technically and psychologically organised video recording of investigative actions presents a valuable tool for analysing the behaviour of an interrogated person and reliable evidence at the subsequent, judicial stage of the investigation. Methods. The research is based on the system approach, general scientific methods (theoretical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), specific scientific methods: specification, interpretation, comparative research method. The foreign experience of conducting investigative actions with the use of video recording during an interrogation of especially valuable suspects has been generalised. The obtained results were interpreted by means of expert psychological analysis. Results. Interpersonal interaction during interrogation process, supported by tracking the dynamics of communicative behaviour through psychological examination of the video record, present more significant results and higher confession rates than traditional interrogation techniques. Of particular importance is the use of psychotherapeutic techniques and the construction of motivational discourse, in particular, sustained rapport, which allows establishing reliable relationship of trust between an investigator and an interviewee. Training investigators in the psychological frameworkof using video recording, and further analysis of their performance before and after training, show significant changes in the use of evidence-based interrogation tactics, including extendeduse of open-ended questions, positive affirmations, and basic elements of cognitive interview, which has prolonged positive effect.

 следственные действия цифровые технологии психология видеозапись допрос раппорт investigative actions digital technologies psychology video recording interrogation credibility rapport

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