Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior Российский девиантологический журнал 2713-0622 100936 10.35750/2713-0622-2025-2-204-223 Методология изучения девиантного поведения Methodology for studying deviant behavior Методология изучения девиантного поведения Psychoanalysis of criminal personality: revising the approach and assessing the prospects for its application Психоанализ личности преступника: ревизия подхода и оценка перспектив его применения https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-3031 Антонян Юрий Миранович Antonyan Yury Miranovich antonyaa@yandex.ru

доктор юридических наук;

doctor of jurisprudence sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0664-8444 Злоказов Кирилл Витальевич Zlokazov Kirill Vital'evich kzlokazov@mvd.ru

доктор психологических наук;

doctor of psychological sciences;

 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт МВД России Россия All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Russian Federation Санкт-Петербургский университет МВД России Россия Saint Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia Russian Federation 28 07 2025 28 07 2025 5 2 204 223 11 02 2025 28 03 2025 https://russianjournaldeviantbehavior.ru/en/nauka/article/100936/view

Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью развития методологии криминальной психологии, повышения ее восприимчивости к индивидуальным особенностям личности преступника и, как следствие, повышения качества диагностической и коррекционной работы с криминогенными лицами. Теория психоанализа исходит из крайне спорного предположения о глубинной психической жизни, не осознаваемой ее субъектом, но побуждающей к совершению преступления. Не получив опытно-экспериментального подтверждения, психоаналитические идеи воплощаются в психологических подходах исследования правонарушителей и преступников, демонстрируя тем самым эвристический потенциал. Целью исследования является рассмотрение психоаналитической теории личности и методологии ее изучения в интересах совершенствования криминальной психологии. Методы: используется комплекс общенаучных методов работы с информацией – анализ и синтез применяются к положениям З. Фрейда и его последователей о структуре личности и функциям ее компонент, детерминирующим преступное и правопослушное поведение. Метод обобщения используется для определения психоаналитических идей и концепций личности преступника, представляющих интерес для развития криминальной психологии и нуждающихся в опытно-экспериментальной проверке. Результаты: проведен анализ психоаналитических представлений о структуре личности преступника. С опорой на зарубежные исследования описано развитие представлений о бессознательных инстинктах, побуждающих человека к совершению преступления, внутриличностных механизмах, сдерживающих и регулирующих их проявление. Приведена критика последователями З. Фрейда невротической, инфантильной и психотической концепций личности преступника. Раскрыты функции и состояния компонент личности, противодействующие асоциальным и преступным влечениям бессознательного, приведены сведения об их эмпирической проверке. Описана психоаналитическая трактовка чувства тревоги, предшествующей преступлению, вины, следующей за событием преступления. Итогом исследования является обобщение функций и состояний внутриличностных структур, регулирующих противоправные поступки и способствующих правопослушному поведению. Результаты применимы для разработки методов диагностики, моделей психокоррекционной и психопрофилактической работы, сопряженной с их опытно-экспериментальной проверкой.

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop the methodology of criminal psychology, to increase its sensitivity to the individual characteristics shaping criminal personality and, as a consequence, to improve the quality of diagnostic and correctional work with criminogenic individuals. The theory of psychoanalysis originates in the highly controversial assumption of a deep mental life remaining unconscious to its subject, but driving a person to commit a crime. With no sufficient experimental confirmation, psychoanalytical ideas are realised in psychological approaches concerning the study of offenders and criminals, thus demonstrating their heuristic potential. The purpose of the research is to determine the validity of psychoanalytic theory of personality and its methodology for improving criminal psychology. Methods. The research is based on a set of general scientific methods of working with information – analysis and synthesis are applied to psychoanalytic structure of personality and functions of its components that determine criminal and law-abiding behaviour. The method of generalisation is used to identify psychoanalytical ideas and concepts of criminal personality, that are of interest for developing criminal psychology and that require experimental verification. Results. Psychoanalytical ideas on the structure of criminal personality are analysed. Drawing upon foreign studies, the author examines the researchers’ ideas on unconscious instincts driving a person to commit a crime, as well as intrapersonal mechanisms restraining and regulating their exteriorisation. Criticism of neurotic, infantile and psychotic concepts of criminal personality by the followers of Z. Freud is provided. The functions and states of personality components counteracting antisocial and criminal impulses of the unconscious are revealed; the information on their empirical verification is detailed. The psychoanalytic interpretation of a person’s anxiety preceding a crime, and the guilt following its comission is described. The result of the research is a generalisation of functions and states of intrapersonal structures that regulate unlawful acts and foster lawabiding behaviour. The findings are of practical importance for the development of diagnostic methods, models of psychocorrective and psychopreventive work, involving their experimental verification.

 психоанализ преступника личность преступника бессознательные мотивы иррациональная агрессия серийные преступления криминальная психология criminal psychoanalysis criminal personality unconscious motives irrational aggression serial crimes criminal psychology

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