employee
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
UDC 177.7
Introduction. The article examines the problem of the existence of an individual in the context of dependence on social morality. Collective morality has a direct influence on an individual’s existence within society, organising and directing its actions towards the realisation of generally accepted cultural norms. An individual’s need and ability to structure its behaviour in opposition to social norms give rise to existential deviations of both constructive and destructive nature. Methods. The following methodology was used in writing the article. The psychoanalytic approach facilitates the study of deviant features of an individual’s behaviour based on hidden motives and unconscious processes. It is accepted that certain problems, which hinder the acceptance of societal moral norms, are determined by the irrational aspect of the unconscious, which functions independently of rational consciousness. The problem-based approach highlights the opposition between the individual and societal principles in morality, which influence the solution of specific ethical problems. Within the framework of normative ethics, which defines the rules of conduct for individuals in the public sphere, the following methods are established: the comparative-analytical method is used to compare various ethical systems and approaches to evaluating a specific moral action; the contextual method enables an objective assessment of a particular moral decision, based on the chosen context. Results. It has been established that the moral existence of an individual within a specific social space is of an ambiguous nature, which is explained by its complex psychological organisation, built upon an intrapersonal conflict arising from the interaction between the irrational (unconscious) and rational (conscious) aspects of an individual, as well as the limited scope of individual morality against the backdrop of collective moral attitudes accepted within society. Re-evaluation of social foundations often leads to the emergence of deviative manifestations of an individual’s existence within culture, which have both destructive and constructive orientations.
existence, deviance, morality, society, consciousness, unconscious, personality, creativity
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