UDK 343.211 Основные положения уголовного права. Защита прав человека. Равенство перед законом. Гарантия законности и справедливости. Право граждан на участие в уголовном судопроизводстве. Ответственность общества за предотвращение преступлений
Abstract: Introduction. Judicial fine is one of the latest innovations included by the legislator in Section VI of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «Other Measures of Criminal Legal Nature». During the five years of its operation, the institution of the judicial fine, as part of the institution of exemption from criminal liability under Article 762 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, has demonstrated its viability; legal practice has shown the ever-increasing demand for this institution. One of the practical challenges is determining the amount of the judicial fine. Part of the reasons of this challenge include 1) the absence of a minimum threshold for the judicial fine in the criminal law; and 2) the unresolved issues of exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a judicial fine on individuals who have committed a crime when they were minors. In this article, proposals are formulated for the legislator aimed at addressing this issue. The purpose of this study is to analyze the normsof criminal, criminal procedure and penal legislation,as well as judicial practice review, with the goal of formulating proposals for determining the minimum threshold of judicial fines and calculation methods for judicial fines, including those for individuals exempt from criminal liability for crimes committed in their minor age. Methods. In this work, both general scientific and specific scientific research methods have been utilised. Through the comparative legal method of research, the ways of calculating the amount of penalties in foreign and domestic criminal legislation were studied. The survey method made it possible to identify the opinions of scientists and practitioners regarding the issues of determining the amount of a judicial fines and methods of its calculation. The results of the research and the rationale for novelty. The results obtained from the research have enabled the author to formulate proposals for amending the norms of the criminal law (Article 1045 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), which determine the amount and procedure for calculating judicial fines as a measure of criminal law nature. These proposals draw attention of practitioners to the provisions of the current criminal legislation, which requires taking into consideration a range of factors when imposing this criminal law measure.
criminal liability, exemption, measures of criminal legal nature, judicial fine, compensation for damages, amount of judicial fine, minors
1. Andreyev S. P. Obespecheniye printsipa spravedlivosti pri opre-delenii summy sudebnogo shtrafa // Zhurnal pravovykh i ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy. - 2021. - № 1. - S. 28-31.
2. Antonov A. G. Yavlyayetsya li osnovaniyem osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti st. 76² UK RF (Osvobozhdeniye ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti s naznacheniyem sudebnogo shtrafa) // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. - 2018. - № 9. - S. 17-19.
3. Apostolova N. N. Prekrashcheniye ugolovnogo dela ili ugolovnogo presledovaniya s naznacheniyem mery ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera v vide sudebnogo shtrafa // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. - 2016. - № 10. - S. 34-37.
4. Bragin V. M. Stepashin V. M. Inyye vidy ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera i sudebnyy shtraf // Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya «Pravo». - 2019. - T. 16. - № 3. - S. 121-131.
5. Zvecharovskiy I. E. O yuridicheskoy prirode sudebnogo shtrafa (st. 762, 1044 UK RF) // Ugolovnoye pravo. - 2016. - № 6. - S. 98-101.
6. Lutsenko N. S. Problemnyye voprosy opredeleniya razmera i sroka uplaty sudebnogo shtrafa / Aktual’nyye problemy rossiyskogo prava i zakonodatel’stva : sbornik materialov KHII Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Avtonomnaya nekommercheskaya organizatsiya vysshego obrazovaniya «Sibirskiy institut biznesa, upravleniya i psikhologii». - Krasnoyarsk: Sibirskiy institut biznesa, upravleniya i psikhologii, 2019. - S. 265-268.
7. Makarov A. V., Kazanov A. A. Sudebnyy shtraf kak vektor gumanizatsii ugolovnogo zakonodatel’stva // Rossiyskiy sud’ya. - 2019. - № 4. - S. 24-29.
8. Mikhaylov O. D. Novyye sistemy kontrolya prestupnosti, ili po-isk al’ternativy klassicheskomu pravosudiyu v nashe vremya // Rossiyskiy sud’ya. - 2019. - № 9. - S. 51-54.
9. Martynenko N. E., Martynenko E. V. Sudebnyy shtraf kak inaya mera ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera // Trudy Akademii upravleniya MVD Rossii. - 2017. - № 1 (41). - S. 24-27.
10. Poluektov A. G. Sistema pravoogranicheniy, primenyayemaya v otnoshenii osvobozhdayemykh ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti s naznacheniyem sudebnogo shtrafa: kratkiy analiz // Vestnik Samarskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. - 2018. - № 1 (27) - S. 59-62.
11. Sidorenko E. L. Letniye tezisy gosudarstvennoy dumy RF, ili K voprosu o kachestve reformirovaniya UK RF // Biblioteka kriminalistiki. - 2016. - № 6 (29). - S. 67-73.
12. Tisen O. N. Sudebnyy shtraf: raz»yasneniya VS RF i spornaya praktika // Ugolovnyy protsess. - 2019. - № 10. - S. 48-53.
13. Ustinova T. D. Inaya mera ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera - su-debnyy shtraf / Ugolovnoye pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke: materialy XVII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. - Moskva: RG-Press, 2020. - S. 519-523.
14. Khlebnitsyna Ye. A., Chugunov A. A. Osobennosti osvobozhdeniya nesovershennoletnikh ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti s naznacheniyem sudebnogo shtrafa // Kriminologicheskiy zhurnal. - 2019. - № 4. - S. 30-32.
15. Shestakov D. A. Reforma germanskogo ugolovnogo zakonodatel’stva: vstupitel’naya stat’ya / Ugolovnyy kodeks Federativnoy Respubliki Germanii. - Sankt-Peterburg: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2003. - 524 s.
