Russian Federation
UDK 343.352.4 Взяточничество
In the field of countering corruption law enforcement agencies periodically face problems of qualifying the crimes under Articles 290, 291, 291.1, Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code. These issues are the subject of ongoing discussions in the scientific community. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the validity of the recognition by the legislator as a qualifying sign of petty bribery such a characteristic as an individual’s criminal record for committing crimes under Articles 290, 291, 291.1 of the Criminal Code or Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Taking into account statistical data, indicating an increase in the number of persons sentenced under Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation over the past two years, as well as national legislative experience of establishing increased criminal responsibility for persons previously convicted of similar crimes, and analysing scientists’ opinions on the matter, the author justifies a positive answer to this question. In addition, the article focuses on the optimality of the existing legislative version of Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code. In order to implement the idea of enhancing criminal liability against persons with a criminal record for similar crimes, the author considers it possible to expand the list of articles indicated in Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to include all acts related to taking and giving unlawful remuneration. During the research the following methods were used: statistical, systematic, comparative, statutory interpretation, historical. Results. As a result the following edition of qualifying elements of petty bribery is proposed: «The same acts committed by a person, having a criminal record for offences, provided by Articles 184, 200.5, 200.7, 204, 204.1, 204.2, 290, 291, 291.1, 291.2 of the present Code.
petty bribery, qualifying sign, differentiation of criminal responsibility, criminal record, homogeneous crimes, special recidivism, multiplicity, bribe taking, bribe giving, mediation in bribery
1. Egorova N. A., Egorov A. G., Gordeychik S. A. Antikorrupcionnye novelly ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva // Zakonnost'. - 2017. - № 1. - S. 51-56.
2. Ahunov D. R. Povtornost' kak priznak sostava prestupleniya, predusmotrennogo stat'ey 291.2 UK RF // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii. - 2016. - T. 1. - № 2. - S. 230-233.
3. Zhestkov K. V. Problemy kvalifikacii melkogo vzyatochnichestva // Vestnik ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti. - 2019. - № 3 [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-kvalifikatsii-melkogo-vzyatochnichestva (data obrascheniya: 02.03.2023).
4. Gavrilov M. A. Problemy normy ugolovnogo zakona o melkom vzyatochnichestve // Vestnik Kazanskogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii. - 2018. - № 1 (31) [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-normy-ugolovnogo-zakona-o-melkomvzyatochnichestve (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
5. Ivanchin A. V. Konstruirovanie sostava prestupleniya: teoriya i praktika : monografiya / otv. red.: Kruglikov L. L. - Moskva: Prospekt, 2014. - 352 c.
6. Koval' A. V. Ugolovno-pravovaya harakteristika special'nogo recidiva pri vzyatochnichestve // Vestnik Omskoy yuridicheskoy akademii. - 2018. - T. 15. - № 2. - S. 227-233.
7. Kochoi S. M. Ugolovno-pravovoe protivodeystvie korrupcii: probely zakonodatel'stva, problemy pravoprimeneniya // Vestnik universiteta im. O. E. Kutafina (MGYuA). - 2018. - № 12. - S. 88-94.
8. Miroshnichenko D. V. Melkoe vzyatochnichestvo: problemy ugolovno-pravovoy kvalifikacii i reglamentacii // Uchenye trudy Rossiyskoy akademii advokatury i notariata. - 2016. - № 4. - S. 63-66.
9. Nikonov P. V. Nekotorye problemy kvalifikacii melkogo vzyatochnichestva (st. 291. 2 UK RF) // Sibirskiy yuridicheskiy vestnik. - 2018. - № 3 [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nekotorye-problemy-kvalifikatsii-melkogo-vzyatochnichestva-st-291-2-ukrf (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
10. Golubyh N. V., Lepihin M. O. Sovershenstvovanie ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva v oblasti bor'by s korrupciey // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. - 2019. - № 2 (99) [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovershenstvovanie-ugolovnogozakonodatelstva-v-oblasti-borby-s-korruptsiey (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
11. Morozov V. I. K voprosu ob ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za melkiy kommercheskiy podkup i melkoe vzyatochnichestvo kak forme protivodeystviya korrupcii // Yuridicheskaya nauka i pravoohranitel'naya praktika. - 2017. - № 4 (42) [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-ob-ugolovnoy-otvetstvennosti-za-melkiy-kommercheskiy-podkup-imelkoe-vzyatochnichestvo-kak-forme-protivodeystviya-korruptsii (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
12. Mal'cev V. V. Yuridicheskie aspekty dopustimosti takticheskih resheniy pri provedenii operativnogo eksperimenta s cel'yu vyyavleniya, preduprezhdeniya i presecheniya korrupcionnyh prestupleniy // Zakon i pravo. - 2019. - № 7 [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/yuridicheskie-aspekty-dopustimosti-takticheskih-resheniy-pri-provedeniioperativnogo-eksperimenta-s-tselyu-vyyavleniya (data obrascheniya: 05.05.2023).
13. Badalov A. E. Kvalifikaciya i nakazuemost' mnogoepizodnosti melkogo vzyatochnichestva i melkogo kommercheskogo podkupa: problemy sistematizacii ugolovno-pravovogo regulirovaniya // Gumanitarnye, social'no-ekonomicheskie i obschestvennye nauki. - 2017. - № 1 [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kvalifikatsiya-i-nakazuemostmnogoepizodnosti-melkogo-vzyatochnichestva-i-melkogo-kommercheskogo-podkupa-problemysistematizatsii (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
14. Kurdyuk P. M., Chernov Yu. I. Melkie prestupleniya: vzaimosvyaz' ili razmyvanie granic administrativnoy i ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti? // Vestnik KRU MVD Rossii. - 2018. - № 1 (39) [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/melkie-prestupleniyavzaimosvyaz-ili-razmyvanie-granits-administrativnoy-i-ugolovnoy-otvetstvennosti (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
15. Yurchenko I. A. Melkoe prestuplenie: novelly rossiyskogo ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva i voprosy ego sovershenstvovaniya // Sibirskoe yuridicheskoe obozrenie. - 2018. - № 1 [Elektronnyy resurs] // Cyberleninka.ru : sayt. - URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/melkoe-prestuplenienovelly-rossiyskogo-ugolovnogo-zakonodatelstva-i-voprosy-ego-sovershenstvovaniya (data obrascheniya: 02.05.2023).
