Russian Federation
UDK 343.9 Криминология. Криминалистика
Introduction. Protection of cultural heritage as the national treasure as well as the keeper of its cultural code is one of the most important tasks of every society and state. Not only time, natural disasters and other natural processes pose a threat to the preservation of cultural heritage objects, but, unfortunately, also illegal human behaviour. The latter consists of both criminal violation of special duties to preserve cultural heritage objects and rules of their use, and intentional acts aimed at their damage and destruction. The development of effective measures to counteract crimes that encroach on cultural heritage objects requires the analysis of their nature and determinant factors. Since the personality of a perpetrator plays a key role in the mechanism of criminal behaviour, the analysis of the determination of certain types of crime requires the establishment of subjective factors of their determination. The purpose of the research is to establish the subjective factors of determination of offences that encroach on objects of cultural heritage. Methods. The research is based on the universal dialectical method of cognition, which implies the analysis of factors and processes of determination of crimes, encroaching on objects of cultural heritage, in the entirety of interconnections of social relations, including the links between society and the personality of a criminal, as well as a set of general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, systematic method, etc.) and particular scientific (formallegal, logical, statistical, content analysis of mass media and the Internet, etc.) methods of cognition. Results. The main subjective factors of determination of crimes that encroach on the objects of cultural heritage, relating both to the personality of a criminal and other persons involved in ensuring the preservation and proper use, as well as protection of cultural heritage objects, are established.
cultural heritage, object, offence, determination, subjective factors, personality of a criminal
1. Ignatov A. N. O biosotsial’noy prirode prestupnosti // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo. – 2016. – № 1. – S. 63–73.
2. Kuznetsova N. F. Problemy kriminologicheskoy determinatsii / pod red. V. N. Kudryavtseva. – Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1984. – 208 s.
3. Shargorodskiy M. D. Prestupnost’, yeye prichiny i usloviya v sotsialisticheskom obshchestve / Prestupnost’ i yeye preduprezhdeniye : sbornik statey. – Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1966. – S. 20–58.
4. Ignatov A. N. Ponyatiye i obshchaya kharakteristika lichnosti prestupnika // Uchenyye zapiski Krymskogo federal’nogo universiteta imeni V. I. Vernadskogo. Yuridicheskiye nauki. – 2019. – T. 5 (71). – № 1. – S. 319–326.
5. Ignatov A. N. Biologicheskiye faktory determinatsii nasil’stvennoy prestupnosti // Kriminologicheskiy zhurnal Baykal’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava. – 2015. –T. 9. – № 2. – S. 223–233; https://doi.org/10.17150/1996-7756.2015.9(2).223-233.
6. Yanin S. A. Tipichnaya model’ mekhanizma unichtozheniya ili povrezhdeniya ob”yektov kul’turnogo naslediya (pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury) narodov Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Vestnik Ural’skogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii. – 2023. – № 3 (39). – S. 115–120.
7. Dovgiy D. P. Kriminologicheskaya kharakteristika khishcheniya predmetov, imeyushchikh osobuyu tsennost’ // Rossiyskiy kriminologicheskiy vzglyad. – 2007. – № 2. – S. 227–230.
8. Martysheva O. M. Unichtozheniye ili povrezhdeniye pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury / Sovremennyye informatsionnyye tekhnologii raboty s molodezh’yu: pedagogika, psikhologiya, menedzhment i kommunikatsiya : materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 16–18 sentyabrya 2010 g. – Moskva: Parnas, 2010. – T. 2. – S. 98–103.
9. Shalagin A. Ye. Otvetstvennost’ za unichtozheniye ili povrezhdeniye pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury po rossiyskomu ugolovnomu zakonodatel’stvu // Aktual’nyye problemy ekonomiki prava. – 2012. – № 3. – S. 284–289.
10. Vishnevetskiy K. V. Viktimologicheskoye modelirovaniye korystnoy prestupnosti // Uchenyye zapiski Krymskogo federal’nogo universiteta imeni V. I. Vernadskogo. Yuridicheskiye nauki. – 2019. – T. 5. (71). – № 2. – S. 89–98.
11. Khalikov I. A. Lichnost’ prestupnika, narushivshego trebovaniya sokhraneniya i ispol’zovaniya pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury / Lichnost’ prestupnika i yeye kriminologicheskoye izucheniye / pod red. A. I. Dolgovoy. – Moskva: Obshcherossiyskaya obshchestvennaya organizatsiya «Rossiyskaya kriminologicheskaya assotsiatsiya», 2018. – S. 109–113.
12. Martysheva O. M. O sushchnosti unichtozheniya ili povrezhdeniya ob”yektov kul’turnogo naslediya (pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury) v Rossiyskoy Federatsii / Arkhitektura, stroitel’stvo, transport : materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (k 85-letiyu FGBOU VPO «SibADI»), 02–03 dekabrya 2015 g. – Omsk: Federal’noye gosudarstvennoye byudzhetnoye obrazovatel’noye uchrezhdeniye vysshego professional’nogo obrazovaniya «Sibirskaya gosudarstvennaya avtomobil’no-dorozhnaya akademiya (SibADI)», 2015. – S. 1398–1404.
13. Shesler A. V., Shesler S. S. Koryst’: sootnosheniye tseli i motiva soversheniya prestupleniya // Vestnik Yugorskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2023. – № 4. – S. 33–37; https://doi.org/10.18822/byusu20230433-37.
14. Dokshokov A. Z. Koryst’ v soderzhanii tseli i motiva prestupnogo posyagatel’stva protiv sobstvennosti v vide prisvoyeniya i rastraty // Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya. – 2007. – № 1. – S. 86–88.
15. Dikanov K. A., Dikanova T. A., Izgagina T. Yu., Yastrebov V. V. Ugolovno-pravovyye i kriminologicheskiye problemy bor’by s posyagatel’stvami na kul’turnyye tsennosti : monografiya. – Moskva: NII Akademii General’noy prokuratury RF, 2010. – 172 c.
