employee
Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Annotation. Introduction. The digitalization of social relations and the widespread migration of crime to the information and telecommunications environment require a revision of traditional approaches to operational investigative activities. Operational search, as a proactive method for detecting crimes in the new technological environment, faces the lack of a legal basis for its implementation in Russian legislation. A literal interpretation of the law effectively deprives operational investigative activities of their offensive potential, limiting their use to situations where the elements of a crime have already manifested themselves. This has a particularly negative impact on the detection of latent cybercrimes. Methods. The study relied on a systems-structural approach, which made it possible to construct a multi-level model for implementing digital operational search. A comparative legal method proved to be in demand. Methods of OSINT analytics, data mining, social network, economic, and structural analysis of digital traces were applied. A formal legal method and a method for modeling operational investigative processes were also employed. Results. The need to establish in Russian legislation a separate basis for proactive digital searches using OSINT capabilities and the recording of digital traces and shadows is substantiated. Otherwise, the risk of collected digital data being deemed inadmissible as evidence in criminal proceedings increases. A five-level model of digital operational search has been developed. It combines the object-identification, information-cumulative, verification-checking, analytical, and procedural-integrative levels into a single methodological framework. Measures are proposed to create an interdepartmental digital space, train specialists in OSINT intelligence and digital forensics, and improve departmental regulations and documentation standards.
Operational investigative activities, operational investigative measures, operational search, cybercrime, digitalization, digital footprint
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