UDK 340.1 Виды и формы права. Направления в теории права
Introduction. The article deals with the problem of understanding legal subjectivity; it is noted that the image, social purpose and ontological essence of the subject of legal relations itself depends on the type of legal understanding. The Eastern legal tradition, in contrast to the individualistic Western one, revealed a collective subject to the world. Individuality of this subject is maintained in potency and manifests itself only under special conditions and within a certain social structure. To understand legal subjectivity in the civilisational (broad) sense, a new approach taking into account the diversity of human existence forms is needed. Methods. This article proposes a post-classical anthropological legal approach that highlights the contextuality of legal phenomena and actualises their relativity. Results. The article provides evidence that legal subjectivity is not reducible to individualistic interaction alone. Eastern cultures shape legal identity differently, and discursive practices highlight different variations of mutual recognition in which the individual, status group and society as a whole act towards each other with different degrees of dominance. The author argues that each culture creates its own ideal image of a human being in the world of law: sometimes it acts as a “creator”, sometimes as a “creation”, and sometimes it combines both at the same time. This, in turn, implies a certain set of values that adapt a person to the social system in which he actually lives and realises his socially significant needs. The article actualises the idea that legal subjectivity is a construct formed by a person as a social being at all stages of his formation, potentially claiming a universal legal order.
legal identity, subject of law, legal communication, mutual recognition, creation of law, legal tradition, European legal discourse, Eastern discourse, orientalism
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